Resíduo desidratado de cervejaria para suínos em terminação / Dehydrated residue of brewery for finishing swine

Determinaram-se os coeficientes de digestibilidade e de metabolizabilidade da matéria seca (MS), da energia bruta (EB), da proteína bruta (PB) e da fibra bruta (FB) e as energias digestível e metabolizável do resíduo desidratado de cervejaria (RDC) para suínos na fase de terminação, e avaliaram-se o desempenho e as características da carcaça desses animais, alimentados com dietas que continham porcentagens de inclusão do RDC - 0, 5, 10, 15 e 20 por cento -, bem como estudaram-se os parâmetros fisiológicos. No ensaio de digestibilidade, foram utilizados 12 leitões, machos, com média de peso de 57,3±5,6kg. Seis deles receberam a ração referência, à base de milho e farelo de soja, e seis a ração teste. No ensaio de desempenho, foram utilizados 40 leitões, com média de peso de 60,8±1,98kg. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da MS, EB, PB e FB foram, respectivamente, de 53,9 por cento, 73,9 por cento, 53,3 por cento e 62,5 por cento, e os valores das energias digestível e metabolizável do RDC de 2.628 e 2.623kcal/kg, respectivamente. A inclusão de RDC até a proporção de 20 por cento não influenciou os parâmetros de desempenho e fisiológicos, nem as características de carcaça de suínos em terminação.

The digestibility and metabolizability coefficients of the dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) of the dehydrated residue of brewery (DRB) for swine in termination were determined. Performance and carcass characteristics of animals fed with diets containing 5 levels of inclusion of DRB (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 percent) were evaluated as well as the physiologic parameters. In the digestibility assay 12 male pigs weighing 57.3±5.6kg were used. Six pigs were fed reference diets, based on corn and soybean meals, and six pigs were fed a test diet. In the performance study, 40 pigs weighing 60.8±1.98kg were used. Apparent digestibility coefficients for the DM, GE, CP and CF were 53.9 percent, 73.9 percent, 53.3 percent and 62.5 percent, respectively. The values of the digestible and metabolizable energy of the DRB were 2,628 kcal/kg and 2,623kcal/kg respectively. The inclusion of up to 20 percent of DRB in diets did not interfere in performance, carcass characteristics and physiologic parameters of swine in termination.

Native state, energetic interaction of chlorophyll precursors and intraplastid location of S-adenosyl-L-methionine: Mg-protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase in etiolated leaves.

Low temperature fluorescence spectra (FS) and fluorescence excitation spectra (FES) of protoporphyrin IX (Proto), Mg-protoporphyrin IX and its monomethyl ester (MgProto-ME) and protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) in etiolated barley leaves treated with 5-aminolevulinic acid and/or 2,2'-dipyridyl were studied. The spectra of Proto and MgProto-ME showed a little dependence on temperature of registration and exhibited similarity to low temperature spectra in diluted organic and buffer solutions. However, a red wavelength shift for Soret bands of Proto and MgProto-ME was observed due to porphyrin interaction with bovine serum albumin in 0.05 M, Na2HPO4 solution at room temperature. Disaggregating treatments had no effect on Proto and MgProto-ME spectra in plants. These results suggested that in etiolated leaves Proto and MgProto-ME molecules were in a monomer state. The spectral properties of these molecules were determined by interaction of porphyrins with proteins and other plastid membrane components. The spectral analyses indicated an efficient energy migration from Proto and MgProto-ME molecules to active form of Pchlide which emitted at 656nm, and no energy transfer from carotenoids to porphyrins in vivo. These findings suggested that Proto and MgProto-ME from carotenoids, and close location of these porphyrins and photoactive Pchlide in etioplast membranes. The latter conclusion was strongly supported by an observation that in etiolated leaves, S-adenosyl-L-methionin:Mg-protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase, which converts MgProto into MgProtoME, were located not only in prothylakoids but also in prolamellar bodies containing photoactive Pchlide.

Photorespiratory ammonia assimilation in the leaves of barley, sorghum and Moricandia arvensis.

Effects of methionine sulphoximine (MSX) on glutamine synthetase activity and ammonia accumulation in the leaves of barley, sorghum and Moricandia arvensis were studied. Glutamine synthetase activity of sorghum leaves was relatively resistant to MSX treatment during initial stages. All the three plant species exhibited considerable accumulation of ammonia arising from non-photorespiratory sources, in response to MSX treatment. Minimal estimates of the rate of glycine decarboxylation were made employing MSX and isonicotinyl hydrazide together in the treatment solution. Changes in the pool sizes of amino acids involved in photorespiratory nitrogen metabolism as affected by MSX have also been investigated.